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Free Radical Induced Injury : Most agents acting in this way cause cell damage by affecting directly cell membranes and triggering a lethal sequence of events. Free radicals are chemical species that have a single unpaired electron in outer orbit, they initiate an autocatalytic reaction which mainly occurs in reperfusion of the ischemic cell. Activated … Read more
What is Inflammation Inflammation is a critical homeostatic process that is activated by cellular injury regardless of the mechanism of that injury. Inflammation is essentially local in nature, although cellular mediators released during inflammation may initiate systemic responses as well. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is the most extreme form of inflammatory response and may be … Read more
What is Stereoisomerism Stereoisomerism: Stereochemistry helps to define the structure of a molecule and the orientation of the atoms and functional groups present, in three dimensions. Stereoisomers possess the same molecular and structural formulae and the same functional groups but differ in the three-dimensional spatial orientation of these atoms or groups within the molecule. Due … Read more
There are many chemicals in the bloodstream that regulate important functions of bodies. These chemicals are called electrolytes. When dissolved in water, electrolytes separate into positively and negatively charged ions. The human body’s nerve reactions and muscle functions are dependent upon the proper exchange of these electrolyte ions outside and inside cells. Examples of electrolytes … Read more
It occurs when calcium builds up in body tissue, blood vessels, or organs. This buildup can harden and disrupt the body’s normal processes. Calcium is transported through the bloodstream and is found in every cell. As a result, calcification can occur in almost any part of the body. About 99 % of the body’s calcium … Read more
Pathophysiology QB semester-2 B pharmacy This Pathophysiology Question bank released by rguhs Bangalore contains all the important 10, 5, and 2 marks important questions according to the syllabus. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SEMESTER II LONG ESSAY (10 Marks)Pathophysiology Question bank Explain the etiology, the pathogenesis of Asthma Write in detail the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism. Write in detail the … Read more
Biomedical importance Biochemistry and medicine enjoy a mutually cooperative relationship. Biochemical studies have illuminated many aspects of health and disease, and the study of various aspects of health and disease has opened up new areas of biochemistry. The medical relevance of biochemistry both in normal and abnormal situations is emphasized throughout this book. Biochemistry makes … Read more
Inflammation, etiology of inflammation, chronic sign of inflammation.
Study of illness: There are many distinct ailments, syndromes, and diseases that range in severity from very mild to extremely serious. Adopting a methodical strategy can make studying anomalies much simpler. When there are unmistakable connections between the causes (aetiology) and the effects of the abnormality (pathogenesis), the causes are described first. Aetiology The disease … Read more
Protection and survival: In this section, relevant activities will be outlined under the following headings: protection against the external environment, resistance and immunity, and movement and reproduction. Protection against the external environment The skin on the surface of the body mostly supplies this. The epidermis and the dermis are two layers. The superficial epidermis is … Read more