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History of pharmaceutical industry: The Allopathic System was introduced by British traders in India. At that time all drugs were imported from Europe, after that India began to manufacturing of drugs. 1901 Bengal chemical and pharmaceutical works at Calcutta (now Kolkata) established by Acharya PC Roy. 1903 A small factory at Bombay (Now Mumbai) was … Read more
History of pharmacy: In India, formal pharmacy education leads to a degree with the introduction of a 3-years bachelor of pharmacy degree at “Banaras Hindu University in 1937 and 1944 at Punjab University, Lahore (now in Pakistan). Formal training of the compounders was started in 1881 in Bengal, as like pharmacy profession entered India. “Mahadeva … Read more
The filter leaf is the simplest form of filter, consisting of a frame that encloses a drainage screen or grooved plate and the whole unit being covered with a filter cloth. The outlet for the filtrate connects to the inside of the frame. The frame used may be circular, square, or rectangular in shape. There … Read more
In large-scale filtration, when continuous operation is desirable and it is necessary to filter slurries containing a high proportion of solids, The rotary drum filter, patented in 1872, is one of the oldest filters used in industrial liquid-solids separation. A rotary drum filter is one that is continuous in operation and has a system to … Read more
A membrane, or membrane filter, is a thin layer of semi-permeable material that separates substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. It works on the principle of physical separation. These are used for the removal of bacteria, micro-organisms, particulates, and natural organic material, which can impart color, tastes, and odors to water … Read more
Cartridge filters are fabric or polymer-based filters designed primarily to remove particulate material from fluids. They are usually rigid or semi-rigid and are manufactured by affixing the fabric or polymer to a central core. Pre-formed cartridge filters of all sizes are one of the simplest and most commonly-found means of removing particulate material from water … Read more
The Meta filter is the most commonly used filter in the pharmaceutical industry. Principle for meta filter A meta filter is a type of pressure filter. Pressure filters feed the product to the filter at a pressure greater than that which would arise from gravity alone. The Meta filter functions as a strainer (service filtration) … Read more
Principle for Plate and Frame Filter Press Plate and Frame Filter Press: the mechanism of this filter is surface filtration. The slurry enters the frame under pressure and flows through the filter medium. The filtrate is collected on the plates and sent to the outlet. Various frames and plates are used so that surface area … Read more
Filtration equipment or apparatus is used to filter, thicken, or clarify a mixture of different elements. There are several different ways to classify equipment. Types of Equipments or apparatus used in the filtration The following is a list of different types of filtering equipment: (i) Sedimentation equipment This equipment uses a gravitational force or chemical … Read more
The surface upon which solids are deposited on or in a filter is called the “Filter medium”. Filters are used in several different industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cosmetics, and chemicals. Without efficient filters, the end products would be of poor quality and the safety element would not be there. The types of filter … Read more