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A pulverizer, micronizer, and jet mill is also known as a fluid energy mill. It’s utilized for fine grinding and controlling particle size. The particles are reduced using an attrition and impact mechanism involving air or inert gas injected through the nozzles in the chamber. This mill is primarily used to finely grind heat-sensitive materials. … Read more
The ball mill’s basic concept dates back to prehistoric times when it was used to grind flint for pottery. A pharmaceutical ball mill is a type of grinder that is used to grind and combine materials in the production of different dosage forms. Impact reduces the size of the balls as they fall from near … Read more
In the pharmaceutical and food processing industries, a hammer mill is a necessary machine. It can crush, pulverise, shred, grind, and reduce material to appropriate sizes. Swinging hammer heads are coupled to a rotor that revolves at a high speed inside a rigid casing in a hammer mill. Principle of hammer mill The hammer mill’s … Read more
Factors affecting size-reduction: lots of factors are affecting size reduction Hardness, Toughness, Abrasiveness, Stickiness, Slipperiness, Softening Temperature, Material Structure, Moisture Content, Physiological Effect, Purity Required, Ratio of Feed Size to Product Ratio, and Bulk Density Factors affecting size-reduction Hardness Hardness is a face property of the material and is constantly confused with strength. It’s possible … Read more
The mechanism of size reduction depends upon the nature of the material, and each material requires different treatment. Fracture generally occurs along the lines of weakness. During size reduction, fresh surfaces are created or existing cracks and fissures are opened up, wherein the former requires more energy. There may be a tendency that after processing, … Read more
In size reduction of dosage forms such as capsules, insufflations, suppositories, and ointments, particle size must be below 60 µm. The therapeutic effectiveness of certain drugs can be increased by reducing their particle size. The mixing of solid ingredients is easier if they are reduced to the same particle size. In the case of suspensions, … Read more
Rota Meter: A rotameter is a device that measures the volumetric flow rate of fluid in a closed tube. These are the most widely used types of variable-area flow meters. It measures flow rate by allowing the cross-sectional area the fluid travels through to vary, causing a measurable effect. Construction of Rota Meter A rotameter … Read more
The pitot tube is a fluid flow measurement instrument designed by Henri Pitot, a French engineer in the 18th century. The Pitot tube principle of flow measurement was initially used to measure the velocity of water in a river. For this, a right-angled big glass tube was employed. The tube has one end that confronts … Read more
A venturi meter is a flow measuring equipment or gadget that is used to measure the discharge of liquid through a pipe. It is based on Bernoulli’s principle. Construction: A venturi meter is essentially a small pipe with two conical portions and a short segment of the uniform cross-section in between, as shown in Fig. … Read more
The orifice meter is made-up of chrome steel, phosphor bronze, nickel, and monel. An orifice meter provides an easier and cheaper arrangement for the measurement of flow through a pipe. An orifice is a thin circular plate with a sharp-edged concentric circular hole in it. The main part of an orifice flow meter may be a chrome steel orifice plate which is held … Read more