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Adaptation refers to the process by which a system seeks to restore or maintain homeostasis. Adaptive mechanisms may also be referred to as compensatory mechanisms, homeostatic mechanisms, control mechanisms, and regulatory mechanisms. Although adaptation may be physiological, psychological, or behavioral, in the system’s terminology, adaptive mechanisms are examples of feedback to the system and may … Read more
The concept of internal harmony was proposed by Claude Bernard in the 19th century, Walter Cannon coined the term homeostasis to describe the state of internal (Physiologic and psychological) balance or organization of function. Homeostasis may be defined as “The maintenance of the internal conditions of the body at equilibrium, despite changes in the external … Read more
What is Pathophysiology? Pathophysiology is a modern integrative biological discipline based on scientific and clinical research that studies the mechanisms that cause pathogenic processes in people and animals to begin, develop, and be treated. Pathophysiology is made up of two different medical areas. The first is physiology, which is the study of the human body … Read more
The filter leaf is the simplest form of filter, consisting of a frame that encloses a drainage screen or grooved plate and the whole unit being covered with a filter cloth. The outlet for the filtrate connects to the inside of the frame. The frame used may be circular, square, or rectangular in shape. There … Read more
In large-scale filtration, when continuous operation is desirable and it is necessary to filter slurries containing a high proportion of solids, The rotary drum filter, patented in 1872, is one of the oldest filters used in industrial liquid-solids separation. A rotary drum filter is one that is continuous in operation and has a system to … Read more
A membrane, or membrane filter, is a thin layer of semi-permeable material that separates substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. It works on the principle of physical separation. These are used for the removal of bacteria, micro-organisms, particulates, and natural organic material, which can impart color, tastes, and odors to water … Read more
Cartridge filters are fabric or polymer-based filters designed primarily to remove particulate material from fluids. They are usually rigid or semi-rigid and are manufactured by affixing the fabric or polymer to a central core. Pre-formed cartridge filters of all sizes are one of the simplest and most commonly-found means of removing particulate material from water … Read more
The Meta filter is the most commonly used filter in the pharmaceutical industry. Principle for meta filter A meta filter is a type of pressure filter. Pressure filters feed the product to the filter at a pressure greater than that which would arise from gravity alone. The Meta filter functions as a strainer (service filtration) … Read more
Principle for Plate and Frame Filter Press Plate and Frame Filter Press: the mechanism of this filter is surface filtration. The slurry enters the frame under pressure and flows through the filter medium. The filtrate is collected on the plates and sent to the outlet. Various frames and plates are used so that surface area … Read more
Filtration equipment or apparatus is used to filter, thicken, or clarify a mixture of different elements. There are several different ways to classify equipment. Types of Equipments or apparatus used in the filtration The following is a list of different types of filtering equipment: (i) Sedimentation equipment This equipment uses a gravitational force or chemical … Read more