Disorders of the digestive system

  • Constipation: It is a condition in which defecation is delayed and hard stool is formed. It may be due to ignoring or preventing defecation reflex or due to decreased colonic motility.
  • Diarrhea: it is characterized by frequent defecation usually off hai fluid faecal matter, i.e. watery stools. It is due to greater intestinal motility with less time for absorption and thus the delivery of large volume of fluid to the large intestine overloading it’s capacity to absorb salts and water.
  • Nausea: It is the distressing feeling of vomiting prior to vomit.
  • Anorexia: It is the loss of appetite resulting from local or general causes and also anxiety or depression.
  • Gastritis: It is an acute or chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa arising from an irritant, infection, emotion or the obstruction.
  • Heart burn: it is the burning sour sensation of the upper part of the oesophagus. It may be due to regurgitation leading to evaculation of gastric contents into the mouth accompanied by a burning sensation felt behind the sternum.
  • Peptic ulcer: It is the ulceration of the mucous membrane which is bathed by acid and pepsin in the stomach and/ or deodenum. When in stomach it is gastric ulcer and when in the duodenum it is called as duodenal ulcer. Excessive vagal activity results in excessive acid secretion, is responsible for ulcers. Irrigating food is supplementary to ulcer formation.
  • Appendicitis: It is the inflammation of vermiform appendix.
  • Hepatitis: It is an inflammatory process in liver, characteristic clinically and histologically, by the the evidence of diffuse or Patchy hepatocellular necrosis affecting all lobules. Common inflammations are amoebic hepatitis and viral hepatitis.
  • Cirrhosis of liver: It is the hardening of the liver and blocking of the liver function thus adversely affecting the liver functions.

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