Factor affecting drug metabolism

1.GENETIC FACTORS

Species differences are seen in biotransformation and conjugation Xenobiotics.

2. PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS

  • AGE
  • SEX DIFFERENCES
  • PREGNANCY
  • NUTRIOTIONAL STATUS
  • DIET
  • HORMONAL IMBALANCE

3.PHARMACODYNAMIC FACTORS

  • DOSE
  • FREQUENCY AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
  • PROTEIN BINDING OF DRUG

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

  • PRESSURE
  • TEMPRATURE
  • ATMOSPHERE
  • HUMIDITY

5.ENZYME INDUCER

These are the chemical that increases the activity and ability of the enzyme which are Help for metabolism ex: cigarette smoke, alcohol, and barbiturates.

6.ENZYME INHIBOTORS

 These are the chemicals which are decrease are activity and ability of the enzyme which help For drug metabolism. Ex: DDT, organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals(mercury, cobalt, tin, Nickle arsenic)

7.STEREOCHEMICAL FACTORS

Stereochemistry of the drugs also affect the drug metabolism by a different enzyme

•(-)quinine treats malaria fever but (+) quinine does not.

•D (+) glucose gets easily metabolized to give CO2 and H2O but D(-) glucose does Not metabolize easily.  

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